Extra Credit Microtheme

Extra Credit Microtheme In The Story of an Hour, Louise Mallard is a young and beautiful lady. The author describes her as a woman who has a fair and calm face that portrays her as a strong woman. She is full of youth. However, she has a heart problem that her friends and relatives think might put her in danger. Because of her delicate heart condition, her sister Josephine- and her husband’s friend Richard- both believe that they must break the news of her husband’s death in a very careful manner.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Extra Credit Microtheme specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Both Richard and Josephine believe that the sad news might shock her to the point of death or worsen her condition. As such, they take their time and deliver the message in a more calculated way. Her heart problem can be seen to overcome her at the end of the story when she dies of shock after seeing her husband (whom she thought was dead). Des pite her condition, Louise Mallard remains a character with varying personalities. Louise Mallard is a weakling. From the look of things, her heart trouble has deteriorated her health. She is a person who needs careful handling by people around her. The author describes her as having powerless white hands. She is always indoors and is not capable of doing difficult chore inside or outside the house. She is constantly in the house where her friends know that they can come and assist her in the best ways that they can because she cannot walk long distances away from home. Louse Mallard is a secretive person who spent most her time alone. She does not like sharing her problems or thoughts with anyone. After receiving the sad news of her husband’s death, she decides not to show any immediate reactions to her sister or her husband’s friend. Instead, she goes to her usual room and locks herself in order to have time with herself. While sitting comfortably on her chair facing the window, it can be seen that she is very much at peace with herself while alone than when she is around other people. She does not want others to know whether she is happy or sad about her husband’s death. Louise is also an emotional person. It seems like she fears death. While sitting alone in her room, she silently thinks about her husband’s death like some kind of loss. She grieves the death of her husband by sobbing like a small child. The author says that Mallard knew that she was going to weep again for her husband during his burial. Additionally, Louise Mallard is resentful. Even though she grieves the loss of her husband, she likes the idea that she will never see him again in her life. For some reasons, she hates her husband for having done some unpleasant things to her in their marriage life.Advertising Looking for essay on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It seems that Louise hates her husband for not giving her the freedom or love that she deserved as a young lady. According to her, she believed that her life was going to be a wasted one with the husband around her. The news of her husband’s death brings her a sigh of relief. She can see a bright future full of freedom without him. Moreover, Louise is an optimistic person. After confirming her husband death, she is sure of a bright future that is full of happiness. The author describes how Louise opens and spreads her arms wide in order to welcome a wonderful future that belongs to her alone. In conclusion, Louise Mallard remains a character with varying personalities. She is a character that cannot be easily understood by the audience. Personally, I believe that her varying personality is vital to the plot of the story since her character keeps audience gazing about her subsequent moves in the story. In The Story of an Hour, Louise Mallard is a young and beautiful lady. The author descri bes her as a woman who has a fair and calm face that portrays her as a strong woman. She is full of youth. However, she has a heart problem that her friends and relatives think might put her in danger. Because of her delicate heart condition, her sister Josephine- and her husband’s friend Richard- both believe that they must break the news of her husband’s death in a very careful manner. Both Richard and Josephine believe that the sad news might shock her to the point of death or worsen her condition. As such, they take their time and deliver the message in a more calculated way. Her heart problem can be seen to overcome her at the end of the story when she dies of shock after seeing her husband (whom she thought was dead). Despite her condition, Louise Mallard remains a character with varying personalities. Louise Mallard is a weakling. From the look of things, her heart trouble has deteriorated her health. She is a person who needs careful handling by people around her. The author describes her as having powerless white hands. She is always indoors and is not capable of doing difficult chore inside or outside the house. She is constantly in the house where her friends know that they can come and assist her in the best ways that they can because she cannot walk long distances away from home. Louse Mallard is a secretive person who spent most her time alone. She does not like sharing her problems or thoughts with anyone. After receiving the sad news of her husband’s death, she decides not to show any immediate reactions to her sister or her husband’s friend. Instead, she goes to her usual room and locks herself in order to have time with herself.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Extra Credit Microtheme specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More While sitting comfortably on her chair facing the window, it can be seen that she is very much at peace with herself while alone tha n when she is around other people. She does not want others to know whether she is happy or sad about her husband’s death. Louise is also an emotional person. It seems like she fears death. While sitting alone in her room, she silently thinks about her husband’s death like some kind of loss. She grieves the death of her husband by sobbing like a small child. The author says that Mallard knew that she was going to weep again for her husband during his burial. Additionally, Louise Mallard is resentful. Even though she grieves the loss of her husband, she likes the idea that she will never see him again in her life. For some reasons, she hates her husband for having done some unpleasant things to her in their marriage life. It seems that Louise hates her husband for not giving her the freedom or love that she deserved as a young lady. According to her, she believed that her life was going to be a wasted one with the husband around her. The news of her husband’s dea th brings her a sigh of relief. She can see a bright future full of freedom without him. Moreover, Louise is an optimistic person. After confirming her husband death, she is sure of a bright future that is full of happiness. The author describes how Louise opens and spreads her arms wide in order to welcome a wonderful future that belongs to her alone. In conclusion, Louise Mallard remains a character with varying personalities. She is a character that cannot be easily understood by the audience. Personally, I believe that her varying personality is vital to the plot of the story since her character keeps audience gazing about her subsequent moves in the story.

Genetically Modified Foods Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Genetically Modified Foods - Research Paper Example However, despite the perceived benefits of reengineering foods, debates have ensued on the safety of genetically modified foods with critics arguing that such food could pose health risks to human beings. This essay expounds on genetically modified foods. Researchers have identified that people’s choice of consuming such foods is influenced by attitudes, pragmatic considerations, and personal circumstances. Although some people desist from GM products with no facts, researchers have identified that the foodstuffs may have some negative effects. The effects touch on environmental hazards, human health risks, and economic consequences. For instance, some of the genetically modified crops have caused damage to other organisms. Genetically modified foods may also cause allergy to some people that may be fatal (Forman, 2010). There have been cases of allergy development in children across Europe and the United States to foods such as peanuts. The process of establishing GM foods and the eventual presentation to the market has been long with substantial use of resources. Researchers and consumer advocates have claimed that this may lead to unbearable seed prices. Genetically modified foods have numerous advantages. For example, genetically modified foods are resistant to cold and plants, such as tobacco, strawberries, and potato have been modified to be resistant to frost by the introduction of the antifreeze gene. The antifreeze genes enable plants withstand the low temperatures, thus allowing crop production to take place throughout the year (Edwards, 2010). Nutritional improvement is another positive aspect of genetically modified foods. The genetic modification of foods is appropriate because food like rice, which is a common diet in most countries could be modified genetically and supply the essential nutrients that will enable individuals feed on a balanced diet. This will also aid in

The impact of medical issues in psychaitric patients Research Proposal

The impact of medical issues in psychaitric patients - Research Proposal Example High percentage of emergency department cases by psychiatric patients indicates a higher-level vulnerability of the patients to critical health conditions. The population is further vulnerable to physical illnesses that that induce higher mortality rate than in normal people and the statistics suggest that preventive and treatment measures against physical illnesses among psychiatric patients lack. A problem therefore exist for identification of a suitable measure that can help in protecting the population from physical illnesses, with the aim of reducing the number of psychiatric patients who are admitted for emergency care and reducing the mortality rate of the population segment (Hert, et. al. 52, 53). The evidence based practice problem aims at effectiveness of a highly structured treatment unit in protecting psychiatric patients from illnesses and in treating the patients in case of occurrence of physical diseases. While psychiatric patients form a significant percentage of patients in emergency care units, nurses and physicians in the units lacks expertise for dealing with the patients’ conditions. Even though the personnel may have adequate nursing skills, the patients require additional competence that can overcome stigma and fear to offer satisfactory care to the patients. Emergency Nurses Association explains that measures such as better arrangement of care space together with availability of psychiatric nurse and wider training can help improve quality of care to the patients (Emergency Nurses Aassociation 3, 4). The statistics are consistent with reports that the population records higher mortality rates and suggests that better care initiatives can resolve the problem (Hert, et. al. 52, 53). A â€Å"highly structured treatment environment† for treatment of psychiatric patients is the recommended intervention (Bos, et. al. 528). Research on effects of such as strict environment, for psychiatric patients who fail to

Does the General Sales Tax Impact the Personal Consumption Expenditure Research Paper

Does the General Sales Tax Impact the Personal Consumption Expenditure - Research Paper Example This paper seeks to study the relationship between sales tax and individual consumer expenditure and saving. Table of Contents Table of Contents 2 1.0. Introduction 1Sales tax is part of consumption tax, tax on imposed on spending on goods or services in various states. Sales tax is usually imposed to buyers during the purchasing of goods or services. The sellers are the one who collect the tax. Tax rates vary from one state to another. In United States, the sales tax has been increasing drastically since 1997 and this has led to rise of prices of both services and commodities. The people who are affected indirectly by sales tax are the buyers. Their expenses rise per month forcing them to draw narrow budgets. This is the same in the whole world and the economies of many nations are going down. What it exported or imported is also highly taxed. Sales tax is different from value added tax because it is only imposed once at the retail level. Different states in United States have diffe rent tax rates. There are some jurisdictions in these states that determine the tax rates to be imposed on various goods and services. Goods for manufacture or resale are usually exempted from sales tax. Some other jurisdictions also exempt sales tax on foods sold in grocery shops, agricultural supplies and prescription medications. Sales tax greatly affects the spending of consumers, changes their consumption behavior and marketplace at the household level. 2.0. Literature Review There are many researches that have been done to show how the increase in sales tax affects personal consumption expenditure. Most of the results got from these researches have showed negative impacts on personal consumption expenditure. As Kevin 2001 puts it, this has been the case in the 2United States of America and the rest of the world. In a case study conducted in California in 2007, it was revealed that the best sales tax rate was 7.25%. This was a rapid increase from 6.6% in 2004 while in 1990s it was less than five percent. Most of this was taxed because of transport expenditures that were incurred during transportation of the goods or services. The estimation for the next year after 2007 was 7.75% tax rate and this was observed to be the trend to be followed unless the economy in the whole world is restructured since the people in California must rely on imported and exported goods and services. In this case study, the main objective shall be to show the effects of increased sales tax on the well-being of people in California. The methods that shall be used shall help to come up with resourceful data that shall be analyzed in depth. From the analysis, it shall be clear on the real effects that are caused by increased sales tax. Increase in tax rate has been there in California just as it is with other states in America. Some of the effects may be positive; however, many of them are negative. To the unemployed the situation is worse thus, there must be proposals to look into the issue deeper before it goes beyond recognition. From another research done in the same state to identify the much that is used for consumption by individual persons, according to Kanbur and Spence, it was found out that 65% of the spending per individual was on consumption. It was not, however, constant as it varied with genders and age. There were many reasons that were given for the high spending in consumption and the main one was increased sales ta

My Dream Meal :: essays research papers

High on a mountaintop overlooking the shoreline of Cruz Bay in St. John of the U.S.V.I., there sits a small restaurant called â€Å"Chateau Bordeaux.† A mid-sized deck protrudes out the back of the restaurant. Nine tables are randomly placed on this patio, each with its own single white candle in the center. It is night, and bright wicker torches line the veranda, consecutively spaced about six feet apart. Looking down at the bay, colorful lights from the inner Caribbean city reflect onto the glistening water of the shore. The tables are set with solid white China and beautifully shined silverware. Tall crystal wineglasses are placed at each setting, each filled with ice cold pià ±a coladas. In the background, you are able to make out the melodious tune of â€Å"Unchained Melody† being played softly on a piano. Sitting at a table closest to the cliff sits my boyfriend and I, gazing at the radiant view of the sea. Jack is wearing a jet-black tuxedo with a blood red dress shirt underneath the jacket, and I am wearing a long, flowing black, fitted, strappy velvet gown with black satin slippers and a small silver diamond necklace. My hair is gently stirred by the constant trade winds of the Caribbean, adding an almost eerie effect to the mood. As the two of us sit down to eat, we are befuddled with the exquisitely prepared meal set before us. The main course sits near the center of our table, just inches away from the candle. It is a large, wooden bowl filled with salad from The Olive Garden and mixed with their own, homemade dressing. At each of the two place settings that we sit, there is a large plate of angel-hair pasta topped with just the right amount of delicious marinara sauce, and sprinkled with only the best parmesan cheese. Next to the wooden salad bowl in the center of the table on the opposite side of the candle, there is a small wicker basket filled with Olive Garden breadsticks, covered by a thin flowered napkin. This fine meal is just begging to be consumed.

Dead Poets Society: Film Techniques Essay

Keating believed in educating the boys to be â€Å"free thinkers†. How did this teaching of his philosophy have a positive and/or negative impact on the boys? How has Peter Weir used film techniques to reflect this positive and/or negative impact? Throughout the duration of the film, Dead Poets Society directed by Peter Weir, a number of film techniques are expressed to reflect the positive but also the negative impacts of Mr John Keating’s unorthodox and bizarre teaching methods towards his students. The film is set at the conservative and traditional Welton Academy in Vermont, United States in 1959 as it follows the story of the newly appointed English teacher, Mr John Keating. He is conveyed as an inspirational and influential mentor to his students about independent views and living life to its fullest through his teaching of poetry. Weir uses film techniques to show these positive impacts of Keating’s teaching philosophy to be â€Å"free thinkers† on Neil Perry, a student who deals with much pressure from his father to pursue his dream of acting, and Todd Anderson, who is portrayed as a very humble, self conscious and shy character. Keating’s style of teaching; however, led to the negative impact of Charlie Dalton, who is a popular but also a rebellious character in the film. Due to Mr Keating’s philosophy in teaching, Neil’s engagement in acting and poetry expanded significantly eventually leading to his death.  Weir has used Neil Perry as the protagonist to convey a numerous amount of film techniques to display Keating’s belief in educating the boys to be â€Å"free thinkers†. Near the beginning of the film, Neil is shown to have a great amount of pressure applied on him by his father’s high standards so that he graduates from Welton to become a doctor. â€Å"We expect big things from you this year.† â€Å"Don’t worry, he won’t disappoint.† This is said by Mr Nolan, the school headmaster, followed by Neil’s father, Mr Perry, and demonstrates the compression put upon Neil to succeed. This  scene shows a number of close up angles and high angles of Neil to show his apprehension and sense of vulnerability to the audience. From Keating’s first few lessons about poetry and its importance in life, Neil and the other students are inspired to create the â€Å"Dead Poets Society.† This group is created from the motivation of Keating’s beliefs about poetry and expressing your feelings in a positive perspective. Long shots and eerie music are used when the boys are running through the woods to their first meeting in a small and concluded cave. This is to create a rebellious atmosphere, as it is a key theme in the film from Keating’s motives. When the students arrive at the cave, Neil is portrayed as the leader of the group, which shows his confident and friendly characteristics where he reads most of the poetry. This is demonstrated by the use of close up angles and low angles looking up at Neil to emphasise what he is saying and his power over the other students. Soon after the student’s first meeting, Keating shows the boys to look at life in a different perspective by standing on his desk. This helps Neil understand to have his own decisions in life and be a â€Å"free thinker.† â€Å"Look at it another way†. Keating says this in order for the students to have independent views in life. Low angles looking up at the students when they are on the desk are used to show the power and potential they have. Due to Mr Perry’s harsh rules and ideas on him, it caused Neil’s death because of his love for poetry and acting became too great for him where he was allowed to partake in them. This ultimately suggests that Keating’s teaching methods had a negative influence on him. Essentially, these film techniques are shown to indicate Keating’s views about poetry and expressing ones thoughts in a positive outlook, and influencing Neil even though it did lead to his death. Throughout the film, Todd Anderson’s personality and character changes significantly as a result of Keating’s ways in teaching poetry and expressing ones feelings through Weir’s film techniques. Much like Neil, Todd is immediately put under pressure from Mr Nolan when arriving at his new school on welcome day when the headmaster states, â€Å"You have big shoes to fill, Mr Anderson.† A close up angle is shown directly at Todd in order to show his lack of confidence after his brother’s success at Welton. This underlies the traits developed by Todd during the majority of film to show  his characterisation as a very self-conscious and uncertain person. This uncertainty as a person is evident when he states, â€Å"If I say something, people won’t listen.† Moreover, this quote outlines the personal difficulty and feelings Todd is experiencing because of the pressure from his new friends and school. Todd’s character changes however, where Keating’s philosophy in teaching has a very positive outlook on him. A very important turning point in Todd’s character because of this teaching occurs when Keating strongly encourages him to read a made up poem on the spot to the class about a given picture. A 360o tracking shot and fast intense music is used by Weir to show confusion to the audience of what is happening. The music and spinning of the camera becomes faster to increase the tension generated by Todd’s newly created poetry encouraged strongly Keating. From this, it is obvious that Todd’s character differs as he realises the concept of expressing ones’ thoughts from Keating about poetry due to the film techniques shown by Weir. Weir portrays Charlie Dalton as a very rebellious character through film techniques and the negative influence of Keating’s teaching methods on him. This is apparent in Keating’s first lesson of teaching poetry, where he advises the students to â€Å"rip out† the introduction to poetry section in their textbooks. As the students are confused and uneasy about this task, Charlie rips the page out immediately, with a close up angle of him to demonstrate his daring character. Keating’s teaching methods however, cause Charlie to get expelled from Welton. â€Å"Sucking the marrow out of life doesn’t mean choking on the bone.† Keating says this metaphor in order to show how being â€Å"free thinkers† does not mean pulling foolish stunts, which have consequences. Within this scene, Keating states, â€Å"There’s a time for daring and a time for caution and a wise man knows which is called for.† He expresses this to outline the imp ortance of knowing when to be unruly and when to remain in the rules. Weir uses dull lighting within the room to show the despondent and depressed. From evidence, Keating’s philosophy in teaching is shown to lead to the negative impacts on Charlie where he is expelled. The director, Peter Weir, has used many techniques throughout the film to  show Keating’s beliefs for his students to have independent views and live life to its fullest by being their sole mentor and inspiration. Keating caused Neil to open up to his identity to discover a love for acting and create the â€Å"Dead Poets Society† by being the leader in a way. Todd’s character during the film changed dramatically from self-conscious to confident in his own ability due to Keating’s theories about life where he discovered a talent in poetry. Although, apart from the positives, Charlie’s characteristics cause him get expelled because of his daring and rebellious character. Weir has explored these characters to convey their views from Keating and the film techniques of Weir help demonstrate this.

Questions On Lack Of Infrastructure - 1423 Words

4] Lack of Infrastructure: To provide a quality of education there is need of quality of infrastructure if somebody knows how to play cricket but his potential cannot be utilized unless and until he has been provided with required infrastructure same is the case of every school and colleges where thousands of graduates are coming out without the knowledge of skills and abilities and end result in remaining unemployed. If resources are provided then we can convert them into quality of workforce which is the dire need of country like India. (mishra, 2011) 5] Corruption: A country like India where corruption is common thing in every sector and education is also unfortunately been victim of corruptive practices. A story of one Income Tax†¦show more content†¦4] The eminence of erudition is a most important concern and intelligence illustrate that children are not achieving class-appropriate learning levels. 5] According to Pratham’s Annual Status of Education 2013 report, close to 78 percent of children in Standard III and about 50 percent of children in Standard V cannot yet read Standard II texts 6] Arithmetic is also a root for apprehension as only 26 percent students in Standard V can do a division problem. 7] Gender issues have come to the fore for the rationale that the spate of modern cases of violent behavior adjacent to girls. Some of the reasons cited for the poor quality of education in schools: 1] Include absence of around 25 per cent of teachers every day also as per some online reports, the pupil to teacher ratio within the public school system for primary education is 35: 1 2] A study of 188 government-run primary schools found that 59 per cent of the schools had no drinking water and 89 percent had no toilets. 3] The data collected by the National Institute of Educational Planning and Administration for the year 2003-04 revealed that only 3.5 per cent of primary schools in Bihar and Chhattisgarh had toilets for girls. 4] The rates were 12-16 per cent in Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Rajasthan and Himachal Pradesh. There are four major needs for educational development in India: 1) Effective provision1 of universal- elementaryShow MoreRelatedAfrican Poverty And Its Effects On African Africa1695 Words   |  7 Pages Africa is a blessed continent with all possible resources including human resources and in natural resources. This brings a question of whether these African resources have been used by African to benefit themselves. Africa the second most populous continent on the planet, after Asia. and the population keeps grows every day. Many European and Asian countries have highly benefited economically from African huge populations. In contrast, African huge population has become the greatest challenge toRead MoreSystem Analysis and Recommendation Report of Natividad Medical Center859 Words   |  3 Pagesits hospital-grade systems infrastructure and technology components. The system analysis report details the findings of the system analysis in the part of system vulnerability/risk assessment as a critical component of the security plan. Why the system vulnerability/risk assessment was carried out as part of system analysis The security plan for Natividad Medical Centers Hospital Computer Information System (HCIS) network and its hospital-grade systems infrastructure and technology components mustRead MoreClosure in the Play Waiting for Godot845 Words   |  4 Pagesis a very important aspect of a narrative. Closure or the lack of it accomplishes the goal of a creating a text which readers would want to continue reading to find out the ending, it helps to lead the reader on. The term â€Å"closure† according to Abott is â€Å"best understood as something we look for in narrative, as desire that authors understand and often expend art to satisfy or frustrate† (Abott, 57).In the play Waiting for Godot, the lack of closure is very evident through out it. This play significantlyRead MoreA Computational Asset Vulnerability Model For The Strategic Protection Of The Critical Infrastructure1485 Words   |  6 PagesProtection of the Critical Infrastructure† Article Summary of the Article A brief background of this article shows that it presents the doctoral works of Richard White on security under the supervision of Terrance Boult and Edward Chow. The article was published online by the â€Å"International Journal of Critical Infrastructure Protection.† In this paper, Richard White present a new computational model that can be of help in organizing for strategic protection of the key infrastructure in the US and elsewhereRead MoreChallenges of Small and Medium Enterprises in Kenya1728 Words   |  7 Pagescontribute effectively to sustainable development. In this article, the following challenges are briefly discussed: Lack of Managerial Training and Experience, Inadequate Education and Skills, Lack of Credit, National Policy and Regulatory Environment, Technological Change, Poor Infrastructure and Scanty Markets information, lack of Managerial Training and Experience. Many SMEs owners or managers lack managerial training and experience. The typical owner or managers of small businesses develop their own approachRead MoreElectric Versus Gasoline Powered Vehicles752 Words   |  4 Pagesamong others, it is not surprising that people would want more energy efficient vehicles. So now that automobile manufacturers have started producing these types of vehicles, how do they compare to their gas powered counter parts? To answer this question you must first understand how they work, there advantages and disadvantages then you can see how the compare. Gas Powered Vehicles Gas powered vehicles have been the standard for over 60 years, they are powered by an eternal combustion engine whichRead MoreThe American Dream And Its Reality For Minority Americans903 Words   |  4 Pageslife. But Americans were also concerned with efforts to improve ourselves economically in the construction of new transportation networks, the founding of a national economic infrastructure, the creation of the American System combining tariffs on foreign imports with the expenditure of government funds on infrastructure projects, and the improvement of the ways in which we manufactured goods and made our livelihoods. This balance had long-term impacts on America, and it unfortunately took a CivilRead MoreCloud Computing Case Study978 Words   |  4 Pagesto cloud computing as a means of managing their IT infrastructure. Notably, the industry is expected to expand 19% to $162 billion by 2020 (Columbus, 2017). This trend can be explained by the business benefits and solutions to problems cloud services including infrastructure, software programs, and platforms as services (IaaS, SaaS, and PaaS respectively) provide. Cloud networks eliminate a manager’s need to establish a private IT infrastructure and datacenter. Consequently, decision makers do notRead MoreChallenges Of Car Manufacturing Managers Face Of Dealing With The Emergent Electric Car Market1233 Words   |  5 Pageschallenges that car manufacturing managers face in dealing with the emergent electric car market. This proposal will begin with a brief review of the current status of the electric car industry and then discuss the specific research objectives and questions that will form the basis of the study. Finally, it will present how data will be collected and the importance of the data. 1.1 Electric Car Electric cars are automobiles that are powered by electric motors, which utilise electrical energy storedRead MoreThe Complex Nature Of Major Infrastructure Projects1135 Words   |  5 PagesROBERT GORDON UNIVERSITY THE PLANNING FALLACY STEINBACH, KEVIN (1512052) MSC PROJECT MANAGEMENT SUM104 - PROJECT PLANNING AND CONTROL DOMINIC AHIAGA-DAGBUI 2ND NOVEMBER 2015 424 WORDS 1. Introduction The complex nature of major infrastructure projects means they are heavily dependent on effective teamwork and integration between parties for their success. Gajendran and Brewer (2012) state that these aspects of project management are critical to the success of any project, however it