Modern Orthodox Judaism

Judaism (from the Latin Iudaismus, derived from the Greek Ioudaismos, and lastly from the Hebrew , Yehudah, Judah12 in Hebrew , Yahadut, the typical characteristics of the Judean ethnos)3 is the religion, philosophy and flair of life of the Judaic people. 4 A monotheistic religion originating in the Hebrew volume ( overly known as the Tanakh) and explored in after texts much(prenominal) as the Talmud, Judaism is considered by spectral Jews to be the demonstration of the covenantal relationship idol established with the Children of Israel. 5 rabbinical Judaism holds that God revealed his impartialitys and commandments to Moses on Mount Sinai in the form of some(prenominal) the Written and ad-lib Torah. 6 Historically, this assertion was challenged by various groups much(prenominal) as the Sadducees and Hellenistical Judaism during the Second temple period the Karaites and Sabbateans during the primaeval and ulterior chivalric period7 and among segments of the yout hful reform movements. swelled movements in forward-looking times such as humanitarian Judaism may be nontheistic. 8 Judaism claims a historic continuity spanning to a greater extent than 3,000 years. Of the major knowledge base religions, Judaism is considered unity of the oldest monotheistic religions. 910 The Hebrews / Israelites were already referred to as Jews in later books of the Tanakh such as the Book of Esther, with the precondition Jews replacing the patronage Children of Israel. 11 Judaisms texts, traditions and values potently influenced later Abrahamic religions, including Christianity, Islam and the Bahai Faith. 1213 many another(prenominal) aspects of Judaism have also directly or indirectly influenced secular Western moral philosophy and civil law. 14 Jews atomic number 18 an ethnoreligious group15 and include those born(p) Judaic and converts to Judaism. In 2010, the populace Jewish population was estimated at 13. 4 million, or roughly 0. 2% of the total world population. About 42% of all Jews lodge in Israel and to the highest degree 42% confront in the join States and Canada, with most of the death living in Europe. 16 The largest Jewish religious movements are Jewish-Orthodox Judaism (Haredi Judaism and Modern Orthodox Judaism), Conservative Judaism and sort out Judaism. A major source of divagation between these groups is their onward motion to Jewish law. 17 Orthodox Judaism maintains that the Torah and Jewish law are godly in origin, ceaseless and unalterable, and that they should be purely followed. Conservative and emend Judaism are more than liberal, with Conservative Judaism loosely promoting a more traditional indication ofJudaisms requirements than enlighten Judaism. A typical Reform position is that Jewish law should be viewed as a compulsive of widely distri furthered guidelines rather than as a set of restrictions and obligations whose observance is involve of all Jews. 1819 Historically, fi nicky courts enforced Jewish law today, these courts dummy up exist but the practice of Judaism is loosely voluntary. 20 Authority on theological and statutory matters is not vested in any one person or organization, but in the sacred texts and rabbis and scholars who advise them. 21